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Paradigm Generator
Indicative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kuškam | om kuš |
| 2SG: | kuškat | ot kuš |
| 3SG: | kuškeš | ok/ogeš kuš |
| 1PL: | kuškə̑na | ona/ogə̑na kuš |
| 2PL: | kuškə̑da | oda/ogə̑da kuš |
| 3PL: | kuškə̑t | ogə̑t kuš |
Indicative Simple Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kuškə̑m | šə̑m kuš |
| 2SG: | kuškə̑č́ | šə̑č́ kuš |
| 3SG: | kuško | ə̑š kuš |
| 1PL: | kušna | ə̑šna kuš |
| 2PL: | kušda | ə̑šda kuš |
| 3PL: | kuškə̑č́ | ə̑št kuš |
Indicative Simple Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kuškə̑nam | kuškə̑n omə̑l |
| 2SG: | kuškə̑nat | kuškə̑n otə̑l |
| 3SG: | kuškə̑n | kuškə̑n ogə̑l |
| 1PL: | kuškə̑nna | kuškə̑n onal/ogə̑nal |
| 2PL: | kuškə̑nda | kuškə̑n odal/ogə̑dal |
| 3PL: | kuškə̑nə̑t | kuškə̑n ogə̑tə̑l |
Indicative Compound Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kuškam ə̑l'e | om kuš ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | kuškat ə̑l'e | ot kuš ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | kuškeš ə̑l'e | ok/ogeš kuš ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | kuškə̑na ə̑l'e | ona/ogə̑na kuš ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | kuškə̑da ə̑l'e | oda/ogə̑da kuš ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | kuškə̑t ə̑l'e | ogə̑t kuš ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kuškam ulmaš | om kuš ulmaš |
| 2SG: | kuškat ulmaš | ot kuš ulmaš |
| 3SG: | kuškeš ulmaš | ok/ogeš kuš ulmaš |
| 1PL: | kuškə̑na ulmaš | ona/ogə̑na kuš ulmaš |
| 2PL: | kuškə̑da ulmaš | oda/ogə̑da kuš ulmaš |
| 3PL: | kuškə̑t ulmaš | ogə̑t kuš ulmaš |
Indicative Compound Past III
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kuškə̑nam ə̑l'e | kuškə̑n omə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | kuškə̑nat ə̑l'e | kuškə̑n otə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | kuškə̑n ə̑l'e | kuškə̑n ogə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | kuškə̑nna ə̑l'e | kuškə̑n onal/ogə̑nal ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | kuškə̑nda ə̑l'e | kuškə̑n odal/ogə̑dal ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | kuškə̑nə̑t ə̑l'e | kuškə̑n ogə̑tə̑l ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past IV
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kuškə̑nam ulmaš | kuškə̑n omə̑l ulmaš |
| 2SG: | kuškə̑nat ulmaš | kuškə̑n otə̑l ulmaš |
| 3SG: | kuškə̑n ulmaš | kuškə̑n ogə̑l ulmaš |
| 1PL: | kuškə̑nna ulmaš | kuškə̑n onal/ogə̑nal ulmaš |
| 2PL: | kuškə̑nda ulmaš | kuškə̑n odal/ogə̑dal ulmaš |
| 3PL: | kuškə̑nə̑t ulmaš | kuškə̑n ogə̑tə̑l ulmaš |
Imperative
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | kuš | it kuš |
| 3SG: | kuššo | ə̑nže kuš |
| 1PL: | (kuškə̑na) | (ona/ogə̑na kuš) |
| 2PL: | kušsa | ida kuš |
| 3PL: | kuškə̑št | ə̑nə̑št kuš |
Desiderative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kušnem | ə̑nem kuš |
| 2SG: | kušnet | ə̑net kuš |
| 3SG: | kušneže | ə̑než kuš |
| 1PL: | kušnena | ə̑nena kuš |
| 2PL: | kušneda | ə̑neda kuš |
| 3PL: | kušnešt | ə̑nešt kuš |
Desiderative Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kušnem ə̑l'e | ə̑nem kuš ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | kušnena ə̑l'e | ə̑net kuš ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | kušneže ə̑l'e | ə̑než kuš ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | kušnena ə̑l'e | ə̑nena kuš ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | kušneda ə̑l'e | ə̑neda kuš ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | kušnešt ə̑l'e | ə̑nešt kuš ə̑l'e |
Desiderative Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | kušnet ulmaš | ə̑net kuš ulmaš |
| 3SG: | kušneže ulmaš | ə̑než kuš ulmaš |
| 1PL: | / | / |
| 2PL: | kušneda ulmaš | ə̑neda kuš ulmaš |
| 3PL: | kušnešt ulmaš | ə̑nešt kuš ulmaš |
Non-finite forms
| Infinitive: | kuškaš |
| Necessitive infinitive: | kušman |
| Active participle: | kuššo |
| Passive participle: | kušmo |
| Future-necessitive participle: | kuššaš |
| Negative participle: | kušdə̑mo |
| Affirmative instructive gerund: | kuškə̑n |
| Negative gerund: | kušde |
| Gerund of prior action: | kušmek(e) |
| Gerund of future action: | kušmeš(ke) |
| Gerund of simultaneous action: | kuššə̑la |
| Nominalization: | kušmaš |
| Negative nominalization: | kušdə̑maš |
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| The Mari Web Project is primarily based at the Department of Finno-Ugric Studies at the University of Vienna. The second stage of the project is being funded by the Kone Foundation: The Mari Web Project: Phase 2. Some of our work is carried out at the Institute of Finno-Ugric and Uralic Studies at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. | ||
| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||